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At 9:02 a.m. on April 19,
1995, a 7,000-pound truck bomb, constructed of
ammonium nitrate fertilizer and nitromethane racing
fuel and packed into 13 plastic barrels, ripped
through the heart of the Alfred P.
Murrah
Federal
Building in Oklahoma City. The explosion wrecked
much of downtown
Oklahoma City
and killed 168 people, including 19 children in a
day-care center. Another 500 were injured. Although
many Americans initially suspected an attack by
Middle Eastern radicals, it quickly became clear
that the mass murder had actually been carried out
by domestic, right-wing terrorists.
The slaughter engineered by
Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, men steeped in
the conspiracy theories and white-hot fury of the
American radical right, marked the opening shot in a
new kind of domestic political extremism a
revolutionary ideology whose practitioners do not
hesitate to carry out attacks directed at entirely
innocent victims, people selected essentially at
random to make a political point. After
Oklahoma, it was no longer
sufficient for many American right-wing terrorists
to strike at a target of political significance
instead, they reached for higher and higher body
counts, reasoning that they had to eclipse McVeigh's
attack to win attention.
What follows is a detailed
listing of major terrorist plots and racist rampages
that have emerged from the American radical right in
the years since
Oklahoma City. These have
included plans to bomb government buildings, banks,
refineries, utilities, clinics, synagogues, mosques,
memorials and bridges; to assassinate police
officers, judges, politicians, civil rights figures
and others; to rob banks, armored cars and other
criminals; and to amass illegal machine guns,
missiles, explosives and biological and chemical
weapons. Each of these plots aimed to make changes
in
America
through the use of political violence. Most
contemplated the deaths of large numbers of people
in one case, as many as 30,000, or 10 times the
number murdered on Sept. 11, 2001.
Here are the stories of plots,
conspiracies and racist rampages since 1995 plots
and violence waged against a democratic America.
July 28, 1995
Antigovernment extremist Charles Ray Polk is
arrested after trying to purchase a machine gun from
an undercover police officer, and is later indicted
by federal grand jury for plotting to blow up the
Internal Revenue Service building in
Austin,
Texas. At the time of his
arrest, Polk is trying to purchase plastic
explosives to add to the already huge arsenal he's
amassed. Polk is sentenced to almost 21 years in
federal prison.
October 9, 1995
Saboteurs derail an Amtrak passenger train near Hyder, Ariz.,
killing one person and injuring scores of others. An
antigovernment message, signed by the "Sons of
Gestapo," is left behind. The perpetrators remain at
large.
November 9, 1995
Oklahoma Constitutional Militia leader Willie Ray
Lampley, his wife Cecilia and another man, John Dare
Baird, are arrested as they prepare explosives to
bomb numerous targets, including the Southern
Poverty Law Center, gay bars and abortion clinics.
The three, along with another suspect arrested
later, are sentenced to terms of up to 11 years in
1996. An appeals court upholds Lampley's sentence
the following year. Baird is released in August
2004.
December 18, 1995
An Internal Revenue Service (IRS) employee discovers
a plastic drum packed with ammonium nitrate and fuel
oil in a parking lot behind the IRS building in
Reno, Nev. The device failed to explode a day
earlier when a three-foot fuse went out prematurely.
Ten days later, tax protester Joseph Martin Bailie
is arrested. Bailie is eventually sentenced to 36
years in federal prison.
January 18, 1996
Peter Kevin Langan, the pseudonymous "Commander
Pedro" who leads the underground Aryan Republican
Army, is arrested after a shootout with the FBI in
Ohio. Along with six other
suspects arrested around the same time, Langan is
charged in connection with a string of 22 bank
robberies in seven Midwestern states between 1994
and 1996. After pleading guilty and agreeing to
testify, conspirator Richard Guthrie commits suicide
in his cell. Two others, Kevin McCarthy and Scott
Stedeford, enter plea bargains and do testify
against their co-conspirators. Eventually, Mark
Thomas, a leading neo-Nazi in
Pennsylvania, pleads guilty
for his role in helping organize the robberies and
agrees to testify against Langan and other gang
members. Shawn Kenny, another suspect, becomes a
federal informant. Langan is sentenced to a life
term in one case, plus 55 years in another. Thomas
is sentenced to eight years in prison, and is
released in early 2004.
April 11, 1996
Antigovernment activist Ray Hamblin is charged with
illegal possession of explosives after authorities
find 460 pounds of the high explosive Tovex, 746
pounds of ANFO blasting agent and 15 homemade hand
grenades on his property in Hood River, Ore. Hamblin
is sentenced to almost four years in federal prison,
and is released in March 2000.
April 12, 1996
Apparently inspired by his reading of a neo-Nazi
tract, Larry Wayne Shoemake kills one black man and
wounds seven other people, including a reporter,
during a racist shooting spree in a black
neighborhood in Jackson, Miss. As police close in on
the abandoned restaurant he is shooting from,
Shoemake, who is white, sets the restaurant on fire
and kills himself. A search of his home finds
references to "Separation or Annihilation," an essay
on race relations by National Alliance leader
William Pierce, along with an arsenal of weapons
that includes 17 long guns, 20,000 rounds of
ammunition, several knives and countless military
manuals.
April 26, 1996
Two leaders of the Militia-at-Large of the Republic of Georgia,
Robert Edward Starr III and William James McCranie
Jr., are charged with manufacturing shrapnel bombs
for distribution to militia members. Later in the
year, they are sentenced on explosives charges to
terms of up to eight years. Another Militia-at-Large
member, accused of training a team to assassinate
politicians, is later convicted of conspiracy. Starr
is released from prison in 2003, while McCranie gets
out in 2001. The last member, Troy Allen Kayser
(alias Troy Spain), draws six years in
prison and is released in early 2002.
July 1, 1996
Twelve members of an
Arizona
militia group called the Viper Team are arrested on
federal conspiracy, weapons and explosive charges
after allegedly surveilling and videotaping
government buildings as potential targets. All 12
plead guilty or are convicted of various charges,
drawing sentences of up to nine years in prison. The
plot participants are all released in coming years,
with Gary Curds Baer, who drew the heaviest
sentence, freed in May 2004.
July 27, 1996
A nail-packed bomb goes off at the Atlanta Olympics,
which is seen by many extremists as part of a
Satanic "New World Order," killing one person and
injuring more than 100 others. Investigators will
later conclude the attack is linked to 1997-1998
bombings of an Atlanta-area abortion clinic, an
Atlanta gay bar and a Birmingham,
Ala., abortion facility.
Suspect Eric Robert Rudolph a reclusive North
Carolina man tied to the anti-Semitic Christian
Identity theology flees into the woods of his
native state after he is identified in early 1998 as
a suspect in the Birmingham attack, and is only
captured five years later. Eventually, he pleads
guilty to all of the attacks attributed to him in
exchange for life without parole.
July 29, 1996
Washington State Militia leader John Pitner and
seven others are arrested on weapons and explosives
charges in connection with a plot to build pipe
bombs for a confrontation with the federal
government. Pitner and four others are convicted on
weapons charges, while conspiracy charges against
all eight end in a mistrial. Pitner is later retried
on that charge, convicted and sentenced to four
years in prison. He is freed from prison in 2001.
October 8, 1996
Three "Phineas Priests" racist and anti-Semitic
Christian Identity terrorists who feel they've been
called by God to undertake violent attacks are
charged in connection with two bank robberies and
bombings at the two banks, a Spokane newspaper and a
Planned Parenthood office. Charles Barbee, Robert
Berry and Jay Merrell are eventually convicted and
sentenced to life terms. Brian Ratigan, a fourth
member of the group arrested separately, draws a
55-year term.
October 11, 1996
 Seven
members of the Mountaineer Militia are arrested in a
plot to blow up the FBI's national fingerprint
records center, where 1,000 people work, in West Virginia. In
1998, leader Floyd "Ray" Looker is sentenced to 18
years in prison. Two other defendants are sentenced
on explosives charges and a third draws a year in
prison for providing blueprints of the FBI facility
to Looker, who then sold them to a government
informant who was posing as a terrorist.
January 16, 1997
Two anti-personnel bombs the second clearly
designed to kill arriving law enforcement and rescue
workers explode outside an abortion clinic in
Sandy Springs, Ga.,
a suburb of
Atlanta. Seven people are
injured. Letters signed by the "Army of God" claim
responsibility for this attack and another, a month
later, at an Atlanta gay bar.
Authorities later learn that these attacks, the 1998
bombing of a Birmingham,
Ala., abortion clinic and
the 1996 Atlanta Olympics bombing, were all carried
out by Eric Robert Rudolph, who is captured in 2003
after five years on the run. Rudolph avoids the
death penalty by pleading guilty in exchange for a
life sentence, but simultaneously releases a defiant
statement defending his attacks.
January 22, 1997
Authorities raid the Martinton, Ill., home of former
Marine Ricky Salyers, an alleged Ku Klux Klan
member, discovering 35,000 rounds of heavy
ammunition, armor piercing shells, smoke and tear
gas grenades, live shells for grenade launchers,
artillery shells and other military gear. Salyers
was discharged earlier from the Marines, where he
taught demolitions and sniping, after tossing a live
grenade (with the pin still in) at state police
officers serving him with a search warrant in 1995.
Following the 1997 raid, Salyers, an alleged member
of the underground Black Dawn group of extremists in
the military, is sentenced to serve three years for
weapons violations. He is released from prison in
2000.
March 26, 1997
Militia activist Brendon Blasz is arrested in Kalamazoo, Mich.,
and charged with making pipe bombs and other illegal
explosives. Prosecutors say Blasz plotted to bomb
the federal building in Battle Creek, the IRS building in
Portage, a
Kalamazoo
television station and federal armories. But they
recommend leniency on his explosives conviction
after Blasz renounces his antigovernment beliefs and
cooperates with them. In August, he is sentenced to
more than three years in federal prison. Blasz is
released in early 2000.
April 22, 1997
Three Ku Klux Klan members are arrested in a plot to
blow up a natural gas refinery outside
Fort Worth,
Texas, after local Klan
leader Robert Spence gets cold feet and goes to the
FBI. The three, along with a fourth arrested later,
expected to kill a huge number of people with the
blast authorities later say as many as 30,000
might have died which was to serve, incredibly, as
a diversion for a simultaneous armored car robbery.
Among the victims would have been children at a
nearby school. All four plead guilty to conspiracy
charges and are sentenced to terms of up to 20
years. Spence enters the Witness Protection Program.
Carl Jay Waskom Jr. is released in June 2004.
April 23, 1997
Florida police arrest Todd Vanbiber, a member
of the neo-Nazi National Alliance's
Tampa
unit and the shadowy League of the Silent Soldier,
after he accidentally sets off pipe bombs he was
building, blasting shrapnel into his own face. He is
accused of plotting to use the bombs on the approach
to Disney World to divert attention from a planned
string of bank robberies. Vanbiber pleads guilty to
weapons and explosives charges and is sentenced to
more than six years in federal prison. He is
released in 2002. Within two years, Vanbiber is
posting messages on neo-Nazi Internet sites boasting
that he has built over 300 bombs successfully and
only made one error, and describing mass murderer
Timothy McVeigh as a hero.
April 27, 1997
After a cache of explosives stored in a tree blows
up near Yuba City,
Calif., police arrest
Montana Freemen supporter William Robert Goehler.
Investigators looking into the blast arrest two
Goehler associates, one of them a militia leader,
after finding 500 pounds of petrogel explosives
enough to level three city blocks in a motor home
parked outside their residence. Six others are
arrested on related charges. Goehler, with previous
convictions for rape, burglary and assault, is
sentenced to 25 years to life in prison.
May 3, 1997
Antigovernment extremists set fire to the IRS office
in Colorado Springs, Colo.,
causing $2.5 million in damage and injuring a
firefighter. Federal agents later arrest five men in
connection with the arson, which is conceived as a
protest against the tax system. Ringleader James
Cleaver, former national director of the
antigovernment Sons of Liberty group, is eventually
sentenced to 33 years in prison, while accomplice
Jack Dowell is sentenced in a separate trial to
serve 30 years. Both are ordered to pay $2.2 million
in restitution. Dowell's cousin is acquitted of all
charges, while two other suspects, Ronald Sherman
and Thomas Shafer, plead guilty to perjury charges
in connection with the case.
July 4, 1997
Militiaman Bradley Playford Glover and another
heavily armed antigovernment activist are arrested
before dawn near Fort Hood, in central Texas, just
hours before they planned to invade the Army base
and slaughter foreign troops they mistakenly
believed were housed there. In the next few days,
five other people are arrested in several states for
their alleged roles in the plot to invade a series
of military bases where the group believes United
Nations forces are massing for an assault on
Americans. All seven are part of a splinter group of
the Third Continental Congress, a kind of militia
government-in-waiting. In the end, Glover is
sentenced to two years on
Kansas
weapons charges, to be followed by a five-year federal
term in connection with the
Fort
Hood plot. The
others draw lesser terms. Glover is released in
2003, the last of the seven to get out.
December 12, 1997
A federal grand jury in
Arkansas
indicts three men on racketeering charges for plotting
to overthrow the government and create a whites-only
Aryan People's Republic, which they intend to grow
through polygamy. Chevie Kehoe, Daniel Lee and Faron
Lovelace are accused of crimes in six states,
including murder, kidnapping, robbery and
conspiracy. Kehoe and Lee will also face state
charges of murdering an
Arkansas
family, including an 8-year-old girl, in 1996. Kehoe
ultimately receives a life sentence on that charge,
while Lee is sentenced to death. Lovelace is
sentenced to death for the murder of a suspected
informant, although in early 2005 he will be up for
resentencing because of court rulings. Kehoe's
brother, Cheyne, is convicted of attempted murder
during a February 1997 Ohio shootout with police and
sentenced to 24 years in prison, despite his key
role in helping authorities find his fugitive
brother in Utah in June 1997 after the shootout.
Cheyne went to the authorities after Chevie began
talking about murdering their parents and showing
sexual interest in Cheyne's wife.
January 29, 1998
 An
off-duty police officer is killed and a nurse
terribly maimed when a nail-packed, remote-control
bomb explodes outside a Birmingham, Ala.,
abortion facility, the New Woman All Women clinic.
Letters to media outlets and officials claim
responsibility in the name of the "Army of God," the
same entity that took credit for the bombings of a
clinic and a gay bar in the
Atlanta
area. The attack also will be linked to the fatal 1996
bombing of the Atlanta Olympics. Eric Robert
Rudolph, a loner from North
Carolina, is first identified as a
suspect when witnesses spot his pickup truck fleeing
the
Birmingham
bombing. But he is not caught until 2003. He
ultimately pleads guilty to all four attacks in
exchange for a life sentence.
February 23, 1998
Three men with links to a Ku Klux Klan group are
arrested near East St. Louis,
Ill., on weapons charges.
The three, along with three other men arrested
later, had formed a group called The New Order,
patterned on a 1980s terror group called The Order
(a.k.a. the Silent Brotherhood) that carried out
assassinations and armored car heists. New Order
members plotted to assassinate a federal judge and
civil rights lawyer Morris Dees, blow up the
Southern Poverty Law Center that
Dees
co-founded and other buildings, poison water supplies
and rob banks. Wallace Weicherding, one of the men,
came to a 1997 Dees
speech with a concealed gun but turned back rather
than pass through a metal detector. In the end, all
six plead guilty or are convicted of weapons
charges, drawing terms of up to seven years in
federal prison. New Order leader Dennis McGiffen is
released in July 2004, the last of the six to regain
his freedom.
March 18, 1998
 Three
members of the North American Militia of
Southwestern Michigan are arrested on firearms and
other charges. Prosecutors say the men conspired to
bomb federal buildings, a Kalamazoo television
station and an interstate highway interchange, kill
federal agents, assassinate politicians and attack
aircraft at a National Guard base attacks that
were all to be funded by marijuana sales. The
group's leader, Ken Carter, is a self-described
member of the neo-Nazi Aryan Nations. Carter pleads
guilty, testifies against his former comrades, and
is sentenced to five years in prison. The others,
Randy Graham and Bradford Metcalf, go to trial and
are ultimately handed sentences of 40 and 55 years,
respectively. Carter is released from prison in
2002.
May 29, 1998
A day after stealing a water truck, three men shoot
and kill a Cortez, Colo., police officer and wound
two other officers as they try to stop the suspects
during a road chase. After the gun battle, the three
Alan Monty Pilon, Robert Mason and Jason McVean
disappear into the canyons of the high desert. Mason
will be found a week later, dead of an apparently
self-inflicted gunshot. The skeletal remains of
Pilon are found in October 1999 and show that he,
too, died of a gunshot to the head, another apparent
suicide. McVean is not found, but most authorities
assume he died in the desert. Many officials believe
the three men intended to use the water truck in
some kind of terrorist attack, but the nature of
their suspected plans is never learned.
July 1, 1998
Three men are charged with conspiracy to use weapons
of mass destruction after threatening President
Clinton and other federal officials with biological
weapons. Officials say the men planned to use a
cactus thorn coated with a toxin like anthrax and
fired by a modified butane lighter to carry out the
murders. One man is acquitted of the charges, but
Jack Abbot Grebe, Jr., and Johnnie Wise a
72-year-old man who attended meetings of the
separatist
Republic
of Texas
group eventually are sentenced to more than 24
years in prison.
July 30, 1998
South Carolina
militia member Paul T. Chastain is charged with
weapons, explosives and drug violations after
allegedly trying to trade drugs for a machine gun
and enough C-4 plastic explosive to demolish a
five-room house. The next year, Chastain pleads
guilty to an array of charges, including threatening
to kill Attorney General Janet Reno and FBI Director
Louis Freeh. He is sentenced to 15 years in federal
prison.
October 23, 1998
 Dr.
Barnett Slepian is assassinated by a sniper as he
converses with his wife and children in the kitchen
of their Amherst, N.Y.,
home. Identified as a suspect shortly after the
murder, James Charles Kopp flees to Mexico, driven
and disguised by friend Jennifer Rock, and goes on
to hide out in Ireland and France. Two fellow
anti-abortion extremists, Loretta Marra and Dennis
Malvasi, make plans to help Kopp secretly return.
Kopp, also suspected in the earlier sniper woundings
of four other physicians in
Canada
and upstate New York,
is arrested in France as
he picks up money wired by Marra and Malvasi. He
eventually admits the shooting to a newspaper
reporter claiming that he only intended to wound
Slepian and is sentenced to 25 years in prison.
Marra and Malvasi go to prison for almost three
years after pleading guilty to federal charges
related to harboring a fugitive.
June 10, 1999
Officials arrest
Alabama
plumber Chris Scott Gilliam, a member of the neo-Nazi
National Alliance, after he attempts to purchase 10
hand grenades from an undercover federal agent.
Gilliam, who months earlier paraded in an extremist
T-shirt in front of the Southern Poverty Law
Center's offices in Montgomery,
tells agents he planned to send mail bombs to
targets in Washington,
D.C.
Agents searching his home find bomb-making manuals,
white supremacist literature and an assault rifle.
Gilliam pleads guilty to federal firearms charges
and is sentenced to 10 years in prison.
July 1, 1999
 A
gay couple, Gary Matson and Winfield Mowder, are
shot to death in bed at their home near Redding,
Calif. Days later, after tracking purchases made on
Mowder's stolen credit card, police arrest brothers
Benjamin Matthew Williams and James Tyler Williams.
At least one of the pair, Matthew Williams (both use
their middle names), is an adherent of the
anti-Semitic Christian Identity theology. Police
soon learn that the brothers two weeks earlier
carried out three synagogue arsons in Sacramento, along
with the arson of an abortion clinic there. Both
brothers, whose mother at one point refers in a
conversation to her sons' victims as "two homos,"
eventually admit their guilt in Matthew's case, in
a newspaper interview. But Matthew, who at one point
badly injures a guard in a surprise attack, commits
suicide in jail in late 2002. Tyler, who pleads
guilty to an array of charges in the case, is not
expected to be eligible for parole for some 50
years.
July 2, 1999
Infuriated that neo-Nazi leader Matt Hale has just
been denied his law license by Illinois officials,
follower Benjamin Nathaniel Smith begins a three-day
murder spree across Illinois and Indiana, shooting
to death a black former college basketball coach and
a Korean doctoral student and wounding nine other
minorities. Smith kills himself as police close in
during a car chase. Hale, the "Pontifex Maximus," or
leader, of the
World Church of the Creator, at first
claims to barely know Smith. But it quickly emerges
that Hale has recently given Smith his group's top
award and, in fact, has spent some 16 hours on the
phone with him in the two weeks before Smith's
rampage. Conveniently, Hale receives a registered
letter from Smith just days after his suicide,
informing Hale that Smith is quitting the group
because he now sees violence as the only answer.
 August
10, 1999
Buford Furrow, a former member
of the neo-Nazi Aryan Nations who has been living
with the widow of slain terrorist leader Bob
Mathews, strides into a Jewish community center near
Los Angeles and fires more
than 70 bullets, wounding three boys, a teenage girl
and a woman. He then drives into the San Fernando Valley and kills Filipino-American
mailman Joseph Ileto. The next day, Furrow turns
himself in, saying he intended to send "a wake-up
call to America to kill Jews." Furrow,
who has a history of mental illness, eventually
pleads guilty and is sentenced to two life terms
without parole, plus 110 years in prison.
November 5, 1999
FBI agents arrest James Kenneth Gluck in Tampa,
Fla., after he wrote a 10-page letter to judges in
Jefferson County, Colo., threatening to "wage
biological warfare" on a county justice center.
While searching his home, police find the materials
needed to make ricin, one of the deadliest poisons
known. Gluck later threatens a judge, claiming that
he could kill 10,000 people with the chemical. After
serving time in federal prison, Gluck is released in
early 2001.
December 5, 1999
Two California men, both members of the San Joaquin
Militia, are charged with conspiracy in connection
with a plot to blow up two 12-million-gallon propane
tanks, a television tower and an electrical
substation in hopes of provoking an insurrection. In
2001, the former militia leader, Donald Rudolph,
pleads guilty to plotting to kill a federal judge
and blow up the propane tanks, and testifies against
his former comrades. Kevin Ray Patterson and Charles
Dennis Kiles are ultimately convicted of several
charges in connection with the conspiracy. They are
expected to be released from federal prison in 2021
and 2018, respectively.
December 8, 1999
Donald Beauregard, head of a militia coalition known
as the Southeastern States Alliance, is charged with
conspiracy, providing materials for a terrorist act
and gun violations in connection with a plot to bomb
energy facilities and cause power outages in
Florida
and
Georgia. After
pleading guilty to several charges, Beauregard, who
once claimed to have discovered a secret map
detailing a planned UN takeover mistakenly printed
on a box of Trix cereal, is sentenced to five years
in federal prison. He is released in 2004, a year
after accomplice James Troy Diver is freed following
a similar conviction.
March 9, 2000
Federal agents arrest Mark Wayne McCool, the
one-time leader of the Texas Militia and Combined
Action Program, as he allegedly makes plans to
attack the
Houston
federal building. McCool, who was arrested after
buying powerful C-4 plastic explosives and an
automatic weapon from an undercover FBI agent,
earlier plotted to attack the federal building with
a member of his own group and a member of the
antigovernment Republic of Texas, but those two men
eventually abandoned the plot. McCool, however,
remained convinced the UN had stored a cache of
military materiel in the building. In the end, he
pleads guilty to federal charges that bring him just
six months in jail.
April 28, 2000
 Immigration
attorney Richard Baumhammers, himself the son of
Latvian immigrants, goes on a rampage in the
Pittsburgh
area against non-whites, killing five people and
critically wounding a sixth. Baumhammers had
recently started a tiny white supremacist group, the
Free Market Party, that demanded an end to non-white
immigration into the
United States. In
the end, the unemployed attorney, who is living with
parents at the time of his murder spree, is
sentenced to death for targeting his victims because
of their race.
March 1, 2001
As part of an ongoing probe into a white supremacist
group, federal and local law enforcement agents raid
the Corbett, Ore., home of Fritz Springmeier,
seizing equipment to grow marijuana and weapons and
racist literature. They also find a binder notebook
entitled "Army of God, Yahweh's Warriors" that
contains what officials call a list of targets,
including a local federal building and the FBI's Oregon offices. Springmeier, an
associate of the anti-Semitic Christian Patriots
Association, is eventually charged with setting off
a diversionary bomb at an adult video store in
Damascus, Ore., in 1997 as part of a bank robbery
carried out by accomplice Forrest Bateman Jr.
Another 2001 raid finds small amounts of bomb
materials and marijuana in Bateman's home.
Eventually, Bateman pleads guilty to bank robbery
and Springmeier is convicted of the same charges,
and both are sentenced to nine years.
April 19, 2001
 White
supremacists Leo Felton and girlfriend Erica Chase
are arrested following a foot chase that began when
a police officer spotted them trying to pass
counterfeit bills at a
Boston
donut shop. Investigators quickly learn Felton heads
up a tiny group called Aryan Unit One, and that
Chase and Felton, who had already obtained a timing
device, planned to blow up black and Jewish
landmarks and possibly assassinate black and Jewish
leaders. They also learn another amazing fact:
Felton, a self-described Aryan, is secretly
biracial. Felton and Chase are eventually convicted
of conspiracy, weapons violations and obstruction,
and Felton is also convicted of bank robbery and
other charges. Felton, who previously served 11
years for assaulting a black taxi driver, is
sentenced to serve more than 21 years in federal
prison, while his one-time sweetheart draws a lesser
term.
October 14, 2001
A North Carolina sheriff's deputy pulls over Steve
Anderson, a former "colonel" in the Kentucky
Militia, on a routine traffic stop as he heads home
to Kentucky from a
white supremacist gathering in
North Carolina. Anderson,
who has issued violent threats against officials for
months via an illegal pirate radio station and is an
adherent of racist Christian Identity theology,
pulls out a semi-automatic weapon and peppers the
deputy's car with bullets before driving his truck
into the woods and disappearing for 13 months.
Officials later find six pipe bombs in Anderson's abandoned truck and 27 bombs
and destructive devices in his home. In the end, Anderson apologizes for his actions and
pleads guilty. He is sentenced on a variety of
firearms charges to 15 years in federal prison.
December 5, 2001
Anti-abortion extremist Clayton Lee Wagner, who nine
months earlier escaped from an
Illinois jail while awaiting sentencing
on weapons and carjacking charges, is arrested in Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wagner's odyssey began
in September 1999, when he was stopped driving a
stolen camper in Illinois
and told police he was headed to
Seattle
to murder an abortion provider. He escaped in February
2001 and, while on the lam, mailed more than 550
hoax anthrax letters to abortion clinics and posted
an Internet threat warning abortion clinic workers
that "if you work for the murderous abortionist, I'm
going to kill you." Wagner is eventually sentenced
to 30 years on the Illinois charges, including his escape.
In Ohio,
he is sentenced to almost 20 years more, to be
served consecutively, on various weapons and car
theft charges related to his time on the run. In
late 2003, he also is found guilty of 51 federal
terror charges.
December 11, 2001
Jewish Defense League chairman Irving David Rubin
and a follower, Earl Leslie Krugel, are arrested in
California and charged with conspiring to bomb the
offices of U.S. Rep. Darrel Issa (R-Calif.) and the
King Fahd Mosque in Culver City. Authorities say a
confidential informant taped meetings with the two
in which the bombings were discussed and Krugel said
the JDL needed "to do something to one of their
filthy mosques." Rubin later commits suicide in
prison, officials say, just before he is to go on
trial in late 2002. Krugel pleads guilty to
conspiracy in both plots, and testifies that Rubin
conspired with him.
January 4, 2002
Neo-Nazi National Alliance member Michael Edward
Smith is arrested after a car chase in
Nashville, Tenn., that began when he was spotted sitting in a
car with a semi-automatic rifle pointed at Sherith Israel
Pre-School, run by a
local synagogue. In Smith's car, home and storage
unit, officials find an arsenal that includes a
.50-caliber rifle, 10 hand grenades, 13 pipe bombs,
binary explosives, semi-automatic pistols,
ammunition and an array of military manuals. They
also find teenage porn on Smith's computer and
evidence that he carried out computer searches for
Jewish schools and synagogues. In one of his
E-mails, Smith wrote that Jews "perhaps" should be
"stuffed head first into an oven." In the end, Smith
is sentenced on weapons and explosives charges to
more than 10 years in prison.
February 8, 2002
The leader of a militia-like group known as Project
7 and his girlfriend are arrested after an informant
tells police the group is plotting to kill judges
and law enforcement officers in order to kick off a
revolution. David Burgert, who has a record for
burglary and is already wanted for assaulting police
officers, is found in the house of girlfriend Tracy
Brockway along with an arsenal that includes pipe
bombs and 25,000 rounds of ammunition. Also found
are "intel sheets" with personal information about
law enforcement officers, their spouses and
children. Although officials are convinced the
Project 7 plot was real, Burgert ultimately is
convicted only of weapons charges and draws a
seven-year sentence; six others are also convicted
of or plead guilty to weapons charges. Brockway gets
a suspended sentence for harboring a fugitive, but
is sent to prison after violating the terms of his
sentence.
July 19, 2002
Acting on a tip, federal and local law enforcement
agents arrest North Carolina Klan leader Charles
Robert Barefoot Jr. for his role in an alleged plot
to blow up the Johnson County Sheriff's Office, the
sheriff himself and the county jail. Officers find
more than two dozen weapons in Barefoot's home. They
also find bombs and bomb components in the home of
Barefoot's son, Daniel Barefoot, who is charged that
same day with the arson of a school bus and an empty
barn. The elder Barefoot who broke away from the
National Knights of the KKK several months earlier
to form his own harder-line group, the Nation's
Knights of the KKK is charged with weapons
violations and later sentenced to more than two
years. In 2003, Barefoot's wife and three men are
charged with the murder of a former associate.
Police say the murder may have been related to the
alleged bombing plot.
August 22, 2002
Tampa area
podiatrist Robert J. Goldstein is arrested after
police, called by Goldstein's wife after he
allegedly threatened to kill her, find more than 15
explosive devices in their home, along with
materials to make at least 30 more. Also found are
homemade C-4 plastic explosives, grenades and mines,
a .50-caliber rifle, semi-automatic weapons, and a
list of 50 Islamic worship centers in the area. The
most significant discovery is a three-page plan
detailing plans to "kill all rags'" at the Islamic
Society of Pinellas County. Eventually, two other
local men are also charged in connection with the
plot, and Goldstein's wife is arrested for
possessing illegal destructive devices. In the end,
Goldstein pleads guilty to plotting to blow up the
Islamic Society and is sentenced to more than 12
years in federal prison.
October 3, 2002
Officials close in on long-time antigovernment
extremist Larry Raugust at a rest stop in
Idaho, arrest him and charge
him with 16 counts of making and possessing
destructive devices, including pipe bombs and
pressure-detonated booby traps. He is accused of
giving one explosive device to an undercover agent,
and is also named as an unindicted co-conspirator in
a plot with colleagues in the Idaho Mountain Boys
militia to murder a federal judge and a police
officer, and to break a friend out of jail. A
deadbeat dad, Raugust is also accused of helping
plant land mines on property belonging to a friend
whose land was seized by authorities over unpaid
taxes. He eventually pleads guilty to 15 counts of
making bombs and is sentenced to federal prison.
January 8, 2003
Federal agents arrest Matt Hale, the national leader
of the neo-Nazi World Church
of the Creator (WCOTC), as he reports to a Chicago courthouse in an ongoing
copyright case over the name of his group. Hale is
charged with soliciting the murder of the federal
judge in the case, Joan Humphrey Lefkow, who he has
publicly vilified as someone bent on the destruction
of his group. (Although Lefkow originally ruled in
WCOTC's favor, an appeals court found that the
complaint brought by an identically named church in Oregon was legally
justified, and Lefkow reversed herself accordingly.)
In guarded language captured on tape recordings,
Hale is heard agreeing that his security chief, an
FBI informant, should kill Lefkow. Hale is
eventually found guilty and sentenced to serve 40
years in federal prison.
January 18, 2003
James D. Brailey, a convicted felon who once was
selected as "governor" of the state of Washington by the antigovernment
Washington Jural Society, is arrested after a raid
on his home turns up a machine gun, an assault rifle
and several handguns. One informant tells the FBI
that Brailey was plotting to assassinate Gov. Gary
Locke, both because Locke was the state's real
governor and because he was Chinese-American. A
second informant says that Brailey actually went on
a "dry run" to
Olympia, carrying several
guns into the state Capitol building to test
security. Eventually, Brailey pleads guilty to
weapons charges and is sentenced to serve 15 months
in prison. He is released in February 2004.
 February
13, 2003
Federal agents in
Pennsylvania arrest David Wayne Hull,
imperial wizard of the White Knights of the Ku Klux
Klan and an adherent of the anti-Semitic Christian
Identity theology, alleging that
Hull
has arranged to buy hand grenades to blow up abortion
clinics. The FBI says
Hull
also illegally instructed followers on how to build
pipe bombs. In addition, Hull
published a newsletter in which he urged readers to
write
Oklahoma
bomber Tim McVeigh "to tell this great man goodbye." Hull eventually is
found guilty of weapons violations and sentenced to
12 years in federal prison.
April 3, 2003
Federal agents arrest antigovernment extremist David
Roland Hinkson in Idaho and charge him with trying
to hire an assassin on two occasions in 2002 and
2003 to murder a federal judge, a prosecutor and an
IRS agent involved in a tax case against him.
Hinkson, a businessman who earned millions of
dollars from his Water Oz dietary supplement company
but refused to pay almost $1 million in federal
taxes, is convicted in 2004 of 26 counts related to
the tax case. In early 2005, a federal jury finds
him guilty in the assassination plot as well.
April 10, 2003
 The
FBI raids the Noonday, Texas, home of William Krar
and storage facilities he rented in the area,
discovering an arsenal that includes more than
500,000 rounds of ammunition, 65 pipe bombs and
remote-control briefcase bombs, and almost two
pounds of deadly sodium cyanide. Also found are
components to convert the cyanide into a bomb
capable of killing thousands, along with white
supremacist and antigovernment material.
Investigators soon learn Krar was stopped earlier in
2003 by police in Tennessee, who found in his car
several weapons and coded documents that seemed to
detail a plot. Krar refuses to cooperate, and
details of that alleged plan are never learned.
Eventually, he pleads guilty to possession of a
chemical weapon and is sentenced to more than 11
years in prison.
June 4, 2003
Federal agents in California announce that former
accountant John Noster, in prison since November
2002 for car theft, is under investigation for
plotting a major terrorist attack. Noster was first
arrested as part of a car theft ring investigation,
but officials who found incendiary devices in his
stolen camper continued to probe his activities.
Eventually, they find in various storage facilities
three pipe bombs, six barrels of jet fuel, five
assault weapons, cannon fuse, a large amount of
ammunition and $188,000 in cash. Law enforcement
officials, who describe Noster as an "antigovernment
extremist," allege at a press conference that he
"was definitely planning" on an attack, but they do
not elaborate.
October 10, 2003
Police arrest Norman Somerville after finding a huge
weapons cache on his property in northern Michigan
that includes six machine guns, a powerful
anti-aircraft gun, thousands of rounds of
ammunition, hundreds of pounds of gunpowder, and an
underground bunker. They also find two vehicles
Somerville calls his "war wagons," and on which
prosecutors later say he planned to mount machine
guns as part of a plan to stage an auto accident and
then massacre arriving police. Officials describe
Somerville as an antigovernment extremist enraged
over the death of Scott Woodring, a Michigan Militia
member killed by police a week after Woodring shot
and killed a state trooper during a standoff.
Somerville eventually pleads guilty to weapons
charges and is sentenced to six years in prison.
April 1, 2004
Neo-Nazi Skinhead Sean Gillespie videotapes himself
as he firebombs Temple B'nai Israel, an Oklahoma
City synagogue, as part of a film he is preparing to
inspire other racists to violent revolution. In it,
Gillespie boasts that instead of merely pronouncing
the white-supremacist "14 Words" slogan ("We must
secure the existence of our people and a future for
White children"), he will carry out 14 violent
attacks. A former member of the neo-Nazi Aryan
Nations, Gillespie is found guilty of the attack and
later sentenced to 39 years in federal prison.
May 24, 2004
Wade and Christopher Lay, a father-and-son pair of
political extremists, shoot security guard Kenneth
Anderson to death during the attempted robbery of a
Tulsa bank. Both robbers are wounded, and are
arrested a short time after fleeing the bank. At
trial, Wade Lay testifies that he and his son acted
"for the good of the American people" and in an
effort to "preserve liberty." Other evidence shows
the pair hoped to get money to pay for weapons that
they intended to use to kill Texas officials who
they believed were responsible for the deadly 1993
standoff between the authorities and religious
cultists in Waco. Both men are convicted of murder
and attempted robbery.
October 13, 2004
Ivan Duane Braden, a former National Guardsman
discharged from an Iraq-bound unit after superiors
noted signs of instability, is arrested after
checking into a mental health facility and telling
counselors about plans to blow up a synagogue and a
National Guard armory in Tennessee. The FBI reports
that Braden told them he'd planned to go to a
synagogue wearing a trench coat stuffed with
explosives and get himself "as close to children and
the rabbi as possible," a plan Braden also outlined
in notes found in his home. In addition, he intended
to take and kill hostages at the Lenoir City Armory,
before blowing the armory up. Eventually, Braden,
who also possessed neo-Nazi literature and
reportedly hated blacks and Jews from an early age,
pleads guilty to conspiring to blow up the armory.
He faces a mandatory 10-year minimum prison sentence
on two separate charges.
October 25, 2004
FBI agents in Tennessee arrest farmhand Demetrius
"Van" Crocker after he allegedly tried to purchase
ingredients for deadly sarin nerve gas and C-4
plastic explosives from an undercover agent. The FBI
alleges that Crocker, who local officials say was
involved in a white supremacist group in the 1980s,
tells the agent that he admires Hitler and hates
Jews and the government. He allegedly also says "it
would be a good thing if somebody could detonate
some sort of weapon of mass destruction on
Washington, D.C." Crocker is charged with trying to
get explosives to destroy a building.
May 20, 2005
 Officials
in New Jersey arrest two men they say asked a police
informant to build them a bomb. Craig Orler, who has
a history of burglary arrests, and Gabriel Carafa,
said to be a leader of the neo-Nazi World Church of
the Creator and a member of a racist Skinhead group
called The Hated, were charged with illegally
selling 11 guns to police informants. Carafa
allegedly gave one informant 60 pounds of urea to
use in building him a bomb, but never said what the
bomb was for. Police say they moved in before the
alleged bombing plot developed further because they
were concerned about the pair's activities. They
taped Orler saying in a phone call that he was
seeking people in Europe to help him go underground.
June 10, 2005
Daniel J. Schertz, a former member of the North
Georgia White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, is
indicted in Chattanooga, Tenn., on federal weapons
charges for allegedly making seven pipe bombs and
selling them to an undercover informant with the
idea that they would be used to murder Mexican and
Haitian immigrant workers. The informant says
Schertz demonstrated how to attach the pipe bombs to
cars, then sold him bombs that Schertz expected to
be used against a group of Haitians and, separately,
Mexican workers on a bus headed to work in Florida.
Schertz eventually pleads guilty to six charges
including teaching how to make an explosive device
and weapon of mass destruction; making, possessing
and transferring destructive devices; and possessing
a pistol with armor-piercing bullets and is
sentenced to 14 years in prison.
March 19, 2006
U.S. Treasury agents in Utah arrest David J.
D'Addabbo for allegedly threatening Internal Revenue
Service employees with "death by firing squad" if
they continued to try to collect taxes from him and
his wife. D'Addabbo, who was reportedly carrying a
Glock pistol, 40 rounds of ammunition and a
switchblade knife when he was arrested leaving a
church service, allegedly wrote to the U.S. Tax
Court that anyone attempting to collect taxes would
be tried by a "jury of common people. You then could
be found guilty of treason and immediately taken to
a firing squad." In August D'Addabbo pleads guilty
to one charge of threatening a government agent in
exchange for the dismissal of three other charges of
threatening IRS agents.
April 26, 2007
Five members of the Alabama Free Militia are
arrested in north Alabama in a raid by federal and
state law enforcement officers that uncovers a cache
of 130 homemade hand grenades, an improvised grenade
launcher, a Sten Mark submachine gun, a silencer,
2,500 rounds of ammunition and almost 100 marijuana
plants. Raymond Kirk Dillard, the founder and
"commander" of the group, later pleads guilty to
criminal conspiracy, illegally making and possessing
destructive devices and being a felon in possession
of a firearm. Other members of the group Bonnell
"Buster" Hughes, James Ray McElroy, Adam Lynn
Cunningham and Randall Garrett also plead guilty
to related charges. Although Dillard, who complained
about the collapse of the American economy,
terrorist attacks and Mexicans taking over the
country, reportedly told his troops to open fire on
federal agents if ever confronted, no shots are
fired during the April raid, and the "commander"
even points out booby-trap tripwires on his property
to investigators.
June 8, 2008
Six people with ties to the militia movement are
arrested in rural north-central Pennsylvania after
task force officers find stockpiles of assault
rifles, improvised explosives and homemade weapons,
at least some of them apparently intended for
terrorist attacks on U.S. officials. Agents find 16
homemade bombs during a search of the residence of
Pennsylvania Citizens Militia recruiter Bradley T.
Kahle, who allegedly tells authorities that he
intended to shoot black people from a rooftop in
Pittsburgh and also predicts civil war if Barack
Obama or Hillary Clinton are elected president. A
raid on the property of Morgan Jones, captain of the
91st Warriors Militia, results in the seizure of 73
weapons, including a homemade flame thrower, a
machine that supposedly shot bolts of electricity,
and an improvised cannon. Also arrested and charged
with weapons violations are Marvin E. Hall, his
girlfriend Melissa Huet and Perry Landis. Landis
allegedly tells undercover agents he wanted to kill
local magistrates and, if Clinton were elected
president, planned to assassinate her in an attempt
to trigger an armed revolution.
August 24, 2008
White supremacists Shawn Robert Adolf, Tharin Robert
Gartrell and Nathan D. Johnson are arrested in
Denver during the Democratic National Convention on
weapons charges and for possession of amphetamines.
Although police say they talked about assassinating
presidential candidate Barack Obama, they are not
charged in connection with that threat because
officials see their talk as drug-fueled boasting.
Police report the three had high-powered, scoped
rifles, wigs, camouflage clothing and a bulletproof
vest, along with crystal methamphetamine.
October 24, 2008
Two white supremacists, Daniel Cowart and Paul
Schlesselman, are arrested in Tennessee for
allegedly plotting to assassinate Barack Obama and
murder more than 100 black people. Officials say
Schlesselman and Cowart, a probationary member of
the racist skinhead group Supreme White Alliance,
planned to kill 88 people, then behead another 14.
(Both numbers are significant in white supremacist
circles. H is the eighth letter of the alphabet, so
double 8s stand for HH, or "Heil Hitler." The number
14 represents the "14 Words," a popular racist
saying.) The pair are indicted on charges that
include threatening a presidential candidate,
possessing a sawed-off shotgun, taking firearms
across state lines to commit crimes, planning to rob
a licensed gun dealer, damaging religious property,
and using a firearm during the commission of a
crime.
December 9, 2008
Police responding to a shooting at a home in
Belfast, Maine, find James G. Cummings dead,
allegedly killed by his wife after years of domestic
abuse. They also find a cache of radioactive
materials, which Cummings was apparently using to
try to build a radioactive "dirty bomb," along with
literature on how to build such a deadly explosive.
Police also discover a membership application filled
out by Cummings for the neo-Nazi National Socialist
Movement. Friends say that Cummings had a collection
of Nazi memorabilia. The authorities say Cummings
was reportedly "very upset" by the election of
Barack Obama.
December 16, 2008
After Kody Ray Brittingham, a lance corporal in the
U.S. Marine Corps, is arrested on attempted robbery
charges, a search of his barracks room at Camp
Lejeune, N.C., allegedly turns up white supremacist
materials and a journal written by Brittingham
containing plans to kill Barack Obama. Brittingham
will later be indicted for threatening the
president-elect of the United States, a crime that
carries a maximum penalty of five years in federal
prison and a fine of up to $250,000.
January 21, 2009
 On
the day after Barack Obama is inaugurated as the
nation's first black president, Keith Luke of
Brockton, Mass., is arrested after allegedly
shooting three black immigrants from Cape Verde,
killing two of them, as part of a racially motivated
killing spree. The two murders are apparently only
part of Luke's plan to kill black, Latino and Jewish
people. After being captured by police, he
reportedly says he planned to go to an Orthodox
synagogue near his home that night and "kill as many
Jews as possible." Police say Luke, a white man who
apparently had no contact with white supremacists
but spent the previous six months reading racist
websites, told them he was "fighting for a dying
race." Luke also says he formed his racist views in
large part after watching videos on Podblanc, a
racist video-sharing website run by longtime white
supremacist Craig Cobb. When he later appears in
court for a hearing, Luke, charged with murder,
kidnapping and aggravated rape, has etched a
swastika into his own forehead, apparently using a
jail razor.
April 4, 2009
Three Pittsburgh police officers Paul Sciullo III,
Stephen Mayhle and Eric Kelly are fatally shot and
a fourth, Timothy McManaway, is wounded after
responding to a domestic dispute at the home of
Richard Andrew Poplawski, who had posted his racist
and anti-Semitic views on white supremacist
websites. In one post, Poplawski talks about wanting
a white supremacist tattoo. He also reportedly tells
a friend that America is controlled by a cabal of
Jews, that U.S. troops may soon be directed against
American citizens, and that he fears a ban on guns
was coming. Poplawski later allegedly tells
investigators that he fired extra bullets into the
bodies of two of the officers "just to make sure
they were dead" and says he "thought I got that one,
too" when told that the fourth officer survived.
More law enforcement officers are killed during the
incident than in any other single act of violence by
a domestic political extremist since the 1995
Oklahoma City bombing.
April 25, 2009
 Joshua
Cartwright, a Florida National Guardsman, allegedly
shoots to death two Okaloosa County, Fla., sheriff's
deputies Burt Lopez and Warren "Skip" York at a
gun range as the officers attempt to arrest
Cartwright on domestic violence charges. After
fleeing the scene, Cartwright is fatally shot during
a gun battle with pursuing officers. Cartwright's
wife later tells investigators that her husband was
"severely disturbed" that Barack Obama has been
elected president. He also reportedly believed the
U.S. government was conspiring against him. The
sheriff tells reporters that Cartwright had been
interested in joining a militia group.
May 31, 2009
Scott Roeder, an anti-abortion extremist who was
involved with the antigovernment "freemen" movement
in the 1990s, allegedly shoots to death Kansas
abortion provider George Tiller as the doctor is
serving as an usher in his Wichita church. Adherents
of "freemen" ideology claim they are "sovereign
citizens" not subject to federal and other laws, and
often form their own "common law" courts and issue
their own license plates. It was one of those
homemade plates that led Topeka police to stop
Roeder in April 1996, when a search of his trunk
revealed a pound of gunpowder, a 9-volt battery
wired to a switch, blasting caps and ammunition. A
prosecutor in that case called Roeder a "substantial
threat to public safety," citing Roeder's refusal to
acknowledge the court's authority. But his
conviction in the 1996 case is ultimately
overturned.
June 10, 2009
 James
von Brunn, a longtime and outspoken racist and
anti-Semite, walks into the U.S. Holocaust Memorial
Museum and allegedly shoots to death security guard
Stephen Johns before he is himself shot and
critically wounded by other security officers. Von
Brunn is charged with murder and shooting a firearm
in a federal building. Von Brunn, who earlier served
six years in connection with his 1981 attempt to
kidnap the members of the Federal Reserve Board at
the point of a sawed-off shotgun, has been active in
the white supremacist movement for more than four
decades. As long before as the early 1970s, he
worked briefly at the Holocaust-denying Noontide
Press, which was founded by Willis Carto, a
long-time anti-Semite. He also came to know many of
the leaders and key thinkers of the radical right
over the decades. A search of von Brunn's car after
the Holocaust Museum attack turns up a notebook
allegedly containing a list of other targets,
including the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the
National Cathedral and The Washington Post. In
addition, a note written by von Brunn and left in
his car reportedly reads: "You want my weapons; this
is how you'll get them
the Holocaust is a lie
Obama was created by Jews. Obama does what his Jew
owners tell him to do. Jews captured America's
money. Jews control the mass media."
June 12, 2009
Shawna Forde the executive director of Minutemen
American Defense (MAD), an anti-immigrant vigilante
group that conducts "citizen patrols" on the
Arizona-Mexico border is charged with two counts
of first-degree murder for her alleged role in the
slayings of a Latino man and his 9-year-old daughter
in Arivaca, Ariz. Forde allegedly orchestrated the
May 30 home invasion because she suspected the man
was a narcotics trafficker and wanted to steal drugs
and cash to fund her group. Authorities say the
murders, including the killing of the child, were
part of the plan. Also arrested and charged with
murder are the alleged triggerman, MAD Operations
Director Jason Eugene "Gunny" Bush, and Albert
Robert Gaxiola, 42, a local member of MAD.
Authorities say that Bush had ties to the neo-Nazi
Aryan Nations in Idaho, and that Forde has spoken of
recruiting its members.
June 25, 2009
Longtime white supremacist Dennis Mahon and his
brother Daniel are indicted in Arizona in connection
with a mail bomb sent in 2004 to a diversity office
in Scottsdale that injured three people. Mahon,
formerly connected to the neo-Nazi White Aryan
Resistance (WAR) group, allegedly left a phone
message at the office saying that "the White Aryan
Resistance is growing in Scottsdale. There's a few
white people who are standing up." In a related
raid, agents search the Indiana home of Tom Metzger,
founder of WAR, but he is not arrested. And, on the
same day, white supremacist Robert Joos is arrested
in rural Missouri, apparently because phone records
show that Dennis Mahon's first call after the mail
bombing was to Joos' cell phone. Joos is charged
with being a felon in possession of firearms.
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